Document revision 1.23 (30-Dec-2003)
This document applies to the MikroTik RouterOS V2.7Table of Contents
- Table of Contents
- Summary
- Specifications
- Related Documents
- Wireless Networking Ranges
- Description
- Wireless Interface Configuration
- Registration Table
- Access List
- Info
- AP Configuration Example
- Additional Resources
Summary
The MikroTik RouterOS supports the Atheros AR5111, AR5211, AR2111 chipset based wireless adapter cards for working as wireless clients (station mode), wireless bridges (bridge) mode and wireless access points (ap-bridge mode).On account of that MikroTik RouterOS provides a complete support for IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g wireless networking standards.
Specifications
Packages required : wirelessLicense required : 2.4/5GHz Wireless Client, 2.4/5Ghz Wireless Access Point (optional)
Home menu level : /interface wireless
Standards and Technologies : IEEE802.11b ( IEEE802.11b), IEEE802.11a ( IEEE802.11a), IEEE802.11g
Hardware usage : not significant
Related Documents
Software Package Installation and UpgradingDevice Driver Management
IP Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Log Management
Wireless Networking Ranges
The Atheros card has been tested for distances up to 20 km providing connection speed up to 17Mbit/s. With appropriate antennas and cabling the maximum distance should be as far as 40 km.These values of ack-timeout were approximated from the tests done by us, as well as by some of our customers:
| range | ack-timeout | ||
| 5GHz | 5GHz-turbo | 2.4GHz-G | |
| 0km | default | default | default |
| 5km | 52 | 30 | 62 |
| 10km | 85 | 48 | 96 |
| 15km | 121 | 67 | 133 |
| 20km | 160 | 89 | 174 |
| 25km | 203 | 111 | 219 |
| 30km | 249 | 137 | 268 |
| 35km | 298 | 168 | 320 |
| 40km | 350 | 190 | 375 |
| 45km | 405 | - | - |
Please note that these are not the precise values. Depending on hardware used and many other factors they may vary up to +/- 15 microseconds.
Description
Atheros 5G/ABM Wireless adapter is a new generation solution for wireless applications. This universal Multi-Band (2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.8 GHz) PCI operates in any existing IEEE wireless standard. It minimizes any potential confusion or incompatibilities caused by having three separate wireless devices.The Multi-Band Wireless PCI operates in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless bands
Hardware Notes
The MikroTik RouterOS supports as many Atheros chipset based cards as many free adapter slots are there on your system. One license is valid for all cards on your system. Note that maximal number of PCMCIA slots is 8.Some chipsets are not stable with Atheros cards and cause radio to stop working. Via Epia, MikroTik RouterBoard and systems based on Intel i815 and i845 chipsets are tested and work stable with Atheros cards. There might be many other chipsets that are working stable, but it has been reported that some older chipsets, and some systems based on AMD Duron CPU are not stable.
We can not be responsible for the performance and stability of Atheros-based cards that are not purchased from us. There are some cards that due to their design are unable to provide reasonably good stability and speed.
Wireless Interface Configuration
Submenu level : /interface wirelessDescription
The wireless interface operates using IEEE 802.11 set of standards. It uses radio waves as a physical signal carrier and is capable of wireless data transmission with speeds up to 108 Mbps (in turbo-mode ).Property Description
name (name; default: wlanN) - assigned interface namemtu (integer: 68..1600; default: 1500) - Maximum Transmission Unit
mac-address (MAC address) - MAC address
arp (disabled | enabled | proxy-arp | reply-only; default: enabled) - Address Resolution Protocol setting
sta-count (integer: 1..2007; default: 2007) - maximal number of clients allowed for simultaneous connections
card-type (read-only: type) - adapter type and model
mode (station | ap-brige | bridge; default: station) - operating mode:
ssid (text; default: MikroTik) - Service Set Identifier. Used to separate wireless networks
frequency (integer; default: 5180) - operating frequency of the card
band (2.4GHz-B | 2.4GHz-G | 5GHz | 5GHz-turbo; default: 5GHz) - operating band:
scan-list (multiple choice: integer | default-ism; default: default-ism) - the list of channels to scan
supported-rates-a/g (multiple choice: 6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps,54Mbps; default:6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps,54Mbps) - rates to be suppored when operating in IEEE 802.11a and 802.11g standards
basic-rates-a/g (multiple choice: 6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps,54Mbps; default: 6Mbps) - basic rates in IEEE 802.11a and 802.11g modes
supported-rates-b (multiple choice: 1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps; default:1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps) - rates to be suppored when operating in IEEE 802.11b standard
basic-rates-b (multiple choice: 1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps; default: 11Mbps) - basic rates in IEEE 802.11b mode
ack-timeout (integer; default: default) - Acknowledgement Code timeout (transmission acceptance timeout) in microseconds
tx-power (integer | default; default: default) - transmit power in dB
default-key-0 (text; default: "") - default key 0
default-key-1 (text; default: "") - default key 1
default-key-2 (text; default: "") - default key 2
default-key-3 (text; default: "") - default key 3
station-private-key (text; default: "") - private key of the AP
transmit-key-id (1 | 2 | 3 | 0; default: 0) - transmission key number
encryption (none | optional | required; default: none) - encryption to be used for connection:
used-authentication (open-system | shared-key; default: open-system) - type of authentication to be used for connestion
accepted-authentication (both | open-system | shared-key; default: open-system) - accepted authentication types
default-authentication (yes | no; default: yes) - to enable authentication by default or not
default-forwarding (yes | no; default: yes) - to use forwarding by default or not
802.1x-enable (yes | no; default: no) - to use EAP for authentication or not
Notes
You should set tx-power property to an appropriate value as many cards do not have their default setting set to the maximal power it can work on. For the cards MicroTik is selling (5G/ABM), 20dB (100mW) is the maximal power in 5GHz bands and 18dB (65mW) is the maximal power in 2.4GHz bands.For different versions of Atheros chipset there are different value range of ack-timeout property:
| Chipset version | 5GHz | 5GHz-turbo | 2.4GHz-B | 2.4GHz-G | ||||
| default | max | default | max | default | max | default | max | |
| 5000 (5.2GHz only) | 30 | 204 | 22 | 102 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 5211 (5.2GHz and 5.8GHz) | 30 | 409 | 22 | 204 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 5212 (802.11a/b/g) | 25 | 409 | 22 | 204 | 30 | 409 | 52 | 409 |
Example
Let us consider a following example: a MikroTik router is connected to an AP using Atheros card and the AP is operating in IEEE 802.11b standard with ssid=hotspot.[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 X name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:03:75 arp=enabled card-type=Atheros AR5211 2.4/5 GHz mode=station ssid="MikroTik" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-a=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps,54Mbps basic-rates-a=6Mbps supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps ack-timeout=default tx-power=default default-key-0="" default-key-1="" default-key-2="" default-key-3="" station-private-key="" transmit-key-id=0 encryption=none used-authentication=open-system accepted-authentication=open-system default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes 802.1x-enable=no [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>set 0 ssid=hotspot band=2.4GHz [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>enable 0 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless> monitor 0 status: connected-to-ess band: 2.4GHz frequency: 2437 tx-rate: 11Mbps ssid: "hotspot" bssid: 00:03:2F:04:27:73 signal-strength: 16 rx-rate: 11Mbps [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless>The 'ess' stands for Extended Service Set (IEEE 802.11 wireless networking).
Registration Table
Submenu level : /interface wireless registration-tableProperty Description
interface (read-only: name) - interface that client is registered tomac-address (read-only: MAC address) - mac address of the registered client
type (read-only: radio) - type of the client:
parent (read-only: MAC address) - parent access point's MAC address, if forwarded from another access point
packets (read-only: integer,integer) - number of received and sent packets
bytes (read-only: integer,integer) - number of received and sent bytes
signal (read-only: integer) - average signal level
rx-rate (read-only: integer) - min/average/max receive data rate
tx-rate (read-only: integer) - transmit data rate
uptime (read-only: time) - time the client is associated with the access point
Example
To see registration table showing all clients currently associated with the access point:[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless registration-table> print # INTERFACE MAC-ADDRESS TYPE PARENT SIGNAL TX-RATE 0 wlan1 00:01:24:70:03:33 radio 20 6Mbps [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless registration-table>To get additional statistics:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless registration-table> print stats 0 interface=wlan1 mac-address=00:01:24:70:03:33 type=radio rx-rate=36Mbps tx-rate=6Mbps packets=0,269 bytes=0,15190 uptime=01:49:23.020 signal=19 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless registration-table>
Access List
Submenu level : /interface wireless access-listDescription
The access list is used by the access point to restrict / allow authentications (associations) of clients. This list contains MAC address of client and associated action to take when client attempts to connect. Also, the forwarding of frames sent by the client is controlled.The association procedure is as follows: when a new client wants to associate to the AP that is configured on interface wlanN, an entry with client's MAC address and interface wlanN is looked up in the access-list. If such entry is found then action specified in it is taken else default-authentication and default-forwarding arguments of interface wlanN are taken.
Property Description
mac-address (MAC address) - MAC address of the clientinterface (name) - AP interface name
authentication (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to accept or to reject this client when it tries to connect
forwarding (yes | no; default: yes) - whether to forward the client's frames to other wireless clients
private-key (text; default: "") - private key of the client to validate during authentication
Notes
If you have default authentication action for the interface set to yes, you can disallow this node to register at the AP's interface wlanN by setting authentication=no for it. Thus, all nodes except this one will be able to register to the interface wlanN.If you have default authentication action for the interface set to no, you can allow this node to register at the AP's interface wlanN by setting authentication=yes for it. Thus, only the specified nodes will be able to register to the interface wlanN.
Example
To allow authentication and forwarding for the client 00:40:96:37:A3:39 from the prism1 interface:[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless access-list> add mac-address=00:40:96:38:0F: 20 interface=wlan1 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless access-list>
Info
Submenu level: /interface wireless infoDescription
This facility provides you with general wireless interface information.Property Description
tx-power-control (read-only: yes | no) - provides information whether this device supports transmission power controlack-timeout-control (read-only: yes | no) - provides information whether this device supports transmission acceptance timeout control
supported-bands (read-only, multiple choice: 2GHz-B,5GHz,5GHz-turbo,2GHz-G) - the list of supported bands
2GHz-B-channels (read-only, integer) - the list of 2GHz IEEE 802.11b channels (frequences are given in MHz)
2GHz-G-channels (read-only, integer) - the list of 2GHz IEEE 802.11g channels (frequences are given in MHz)
5GHz-channels (read-only, integer) - the list of 5GHz channels (frequences are given in MHz)
5GHz-turbo-channels (read-only, integer) - the list of 5GHz-turbo channels (frequences are given in MHz)
Notes
There is a special argument for the print command - print count-only. It forces the print command to print only the count of information topics.Example
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless info> print 0 tx-power-control=yes ack-timeout-control=yes supported-bands=2GHz-B,5GHz,5GHz-turbo,2GHz-G 2GHz-B-channels=2412,2417,2422,2427,2432,2437,2442,2447,2452,2457,2462, 2467,2472 5GHz-channels=5180,5200,5210,5220,5240,5250,5260,5280,5290,5300,5320,5745, 5765,5785,5805 5GHz-turbo-channels=5180,5200,5210,5220,5240,5250,5260,5280,5290,5300,5320, 5745,5765,5785,5805 2GHz-G-channels=2412,2417,2422,2427,2432,2437,2442,2447,2452,2457,2462, 2467,2472 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless info> printIf you have the additional Custom frequency license (please contact support@mikrotik.com to get one), the list will be much bigger:
[admin@MikroTik] interface wireless info> print 0 tx-power-control=yes ack-timeout-control=yes supported-bands=2GHz-B,5GHz,5GHz-turbo,2GHz-G 2GHz-B-channels=2312,2317,2322,2327,2332,2337,2342,2347,2352,2357,2362, 2367,2372,2412,2417,2422,2427,2432,2437,2442,2447,2452, 2457,2462,2467,2472,2512,2532,2552,2572,2592,2612,2632, 2652,2672,2692,2712,2732,2484 5GHz-channels=5120,5125,5130,5135,5140,5145,5150,5155,5160,5165,5170,5175, 5180,5185,5190,5195,5200,5205,5210,5215,5220,5225,5230,5235, 5240,5245,5250,5255,5260,5265,5270,5275,5280,5285,5290,5295, 5300,5305,5310,5315,5320,5325,5330,5335,5340,5345,5350,5355, 5360,5365,5370,5375,5380,5385,5390,5395,5400,5405,5410,5415, 5420,5425,5430,5435,5440,5445,5450,5455,5460,5465,5470,5475, 5480,5485,5490,5495,5500,5505,5510,5515,5520,5525,5530,5535, 5540,5545,5550,5555,5560,5565,5570,5575,5580,5585,5590,5595, 5600,5605,5610,5615,5620,5625,5630,5635,5640,5645,5650,5655, 5660,5665,5670,5675,5680,5685,5690,5695,5700,5705,5710,5715, 5720,5725,5730,5735,5740,5745,5750,5755,5760,5765,5770,5775, 5780,5785,5790,5795,5800,5805,5810,5815,5820,5825,5830,5835, 5840,5845,5850,5855,5860,5865,5870,5875,5880,5885,5890,5895, 5900,5905,5910,5915,5920,5925,5930,5935,5940,5945,5950,5955, 5960,5965,5970,5975,5980,5985,5990,5995,6000,6005,6010,6015, 6020,6025,6030,6035,6040,6045,6050,6055,6060,6065,6070,6075, 6080,6085,6090,6095,6100 5GHz-turbo-channels=5120,5125,5130,5135,5140,5145,5150,5155,5160,5165,5170, 5175,5180,5185,5190,5195,5200,5205,5210,5215,5220,5225, 5230,5235,5240,5245,5250,5255,5260,5265,5270,5275,5280, 5285,5290,5295,5300,5305,5310,5315,5320,5325,5330,5335, 5340,5345,5350,5355,5360,5365,5370,5375,5380,5385,5390, 5395,5400,5405,5410,5415,5420,5425,5430,5435,5440,5445, 5450,5455,5460,5465,5470,5475,5480,5485,5490,5495,5500, 5505,5510,5515,5520,5525,5530,5535,5540,5545,5550,5555, 5560,5565,5570,5575,5580,5585,5590,5595,5600,5605,5610, 5615,5620,5625,5630,5635,5640,5645,5650,5655,5660,5665, 5670,5675,5680,5685,5690,5695,5700,5705,5710,5715,5720, 5725,5730,5735,5740,5745,5750,5755,5760,5765,5770,5775, 5780,5785,5790,5795,5800,5805,5810,5815,5820,5825,5830, 5835,5840,5845,5850,5855,5860,5865,5870,5875,5880,5885, 5890,5895,5900,5905,5910,5915,5920,5925,5930,5935,5940, 5945,5950,5955,5960,5965,5970,5975,5980,5985,5990,5995, 6000,6005,6010,6015,6020,6025,6030,6035,6040,6045,6050, 6055,6060,6065,6070,6075,6080,6085,6090,6095,6100 2GHz-G-channels=2312,2317,2322,2327,2332,2337,2342,2347,2352,2357,2362, 2367,2372,2412,2417,2422,2427,2432,2437,2442,2447,2452, 2457,2462,2467,2472,2512,2532,2552,2572,2592,2612,2632, 2652,2672,2692,2712,2732,2484 [admin@MikroTik] interface wireless info>
AP Configuration Example
Consider the following example:
You need both the 2.4GHz/5GHz Wireless Client and the Wireless AP Licenses to enable the AP mode. To make the MikroTik router work as an access point, the configuration of the wireless interface should be as follows:
- A unique Service Set Identificator should be chosen, say "test1"
- A frequency should be selected for the link, say 5180MHz
- The operation mode should be set to ap-bridge
[admin@AP] interface wireless> set 0 mode=ap-bridge ssid=test1; enable 0 [admin@AP] interface wireless> print Flags: X - disabled, R - running 0 R name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:03:75 arp=enabled card-type=Atheros AR5211 2.4/5 GHz mode=ap-bridge ssid="test1" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-a=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps,54Mbps basic-rates-a=6Mbps supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps ack-timeout=default tx-power=default default-key-0="" default-key-1="" default-key-2="" default-key-3="" station-private-key="" transmit-key-id=0 encryption=none used-authentication=open-system accepted-authentication=open-system default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes 802.1x-enable=no [admin@AP] interface wireless>Then we need to configure the wireless client interface:
[admin@client] interface wireless> set 0 ssid=test1 [admin@client] interface wireless> enable 0 [admin@client] interface wireless> print 0 R name="wlan1" mtu=1500 mac-address=00:01:24:70:03:33 arp=enabled card-type=Atheros AR5211 2.4/5 GHz mode=station ssid="test1" frequency=5180 band=5GHz scan-list=default-ism supported-rates-a=6Mbps,9Mbps,12Mbps,18Mbps,24Mbps,36Mbps,48Mbps,54Mbps basic-rates-a=6Mbps supported-rates-b=1Mbps,2Mbps,5.5Mbps,11Mbps basic-rates-b=1Mbps ack-timeout=default tx-power=default default-key-0="" default-key-1="" default-key-2="" default-key-3="" station-private-key="" transmit-key-id=0 encryption=none used-authentication=open-system accepted-authentication=open-system default-authentication=yes default-forwarding=yes 802.1x-enable=no [admin@client] interface wireless>Now we can monitor our connection both from the AP:
[admin@AP] interface wireless> registration-table [admin@AP] interface wireless registration-table> print # INTERFACE MAC-ADDRESS TYPE PARENT SIGNAL TX-RATE 0 wlan1 00:01:24:70:03:33 radio 20 6Mbps [admin@AP] interface wireless registration-table>... and the client:
[admin@client] interface wireless>monitor 0 status: connected-to-ess band: 5GHz frequency: 5180 tx-rate: 18Mbps ssid: "test1" bssid: 00:01:24:70:03:75 signal-strength: 20 rx-rate: 6Mbps [admin@client] interface wireless>
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